EMT Medical Conditions Practice Exam

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• Which respiratory emergency presents with unilateral chest rise and diminished breath sounds on one side, often after coughing or exertion?
• Which condition occurs when a clot travels to the pulmonary arteries causing sudden respiratory distress?
• Which of the following defines hypoglycemia?
• What is the medical term for irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum due to leakage of substances into the peritoneal cavity?
• What term describes a condition that obstructs forward blood flow, leading to shock?
• Which condition involves hypertension with proteinuria, edema, or both due to pregnancy?
• Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures
• What term describes a brief, sudden loss of consciousness due to temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain?
• Which chemical burn often has a delayed burning sensation and may burn deeper than acids?
• Which action is critical in suspected heat stroke?
• A nosebleed is medically called what?
• In breech birth, if the body delivers but the head does not, which technique is described to create space for respiration?
• Which symptom is more typical of heat exhaustion than heat stroke?
• Which acute mental status change is characterized by sudden onset and may begin with delusions?
• Which condition commonly affects children aged 6 months to 4 years and presents with a seal bark cough?
• Which injury pattern produces ipsilateral motor and light touch loss with contralateral loss of pain and temperature?
• A patient is having difficulty breathing but has an adequate tidal volume and respiratory rate. What is the most likely condition?
• What is the term for the abnormal separation of the placenta from the uterine wall prior to birth?
• This type of shock is most directly described as a reduction in circulating volume from bleeding, leading to decreased tissue perfusion.
• Involves only one cerebral hemisphere and patient remains awake
• Which condition involves thermoregulation failure and the body's inability to cool itself?
• Which injury is a collection of blood in the pleural space that compresses the lung?
• Which third trimester complication occurs when the weight of the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava when lying supine?
• Which shock is characterized by widespread vasodilation and a relative hypovolemia not primarily due to blood loss?
• Which spinal cord syndrome results from injury to the anterior portion of the spinal cord, causing paralysis and loss of pain and temperature below the level of injury, while light touch is preserved?
• Which description matches traumatic asphyxia, characterized by sudden, severe compression of the thorax causing a rapid rise in intrathoracic pressure?
• Which spinal cord syndrome is characterized by preserved function in the lower extremities but weakness or paralysis and loss of pain sensation in the upper extremities?
• Bruise caused by damage to dermal blood vessels, resulting in swelling and discoloration, is a
• Which diabetes complication involves high blood glucose with enough insulin to prevent ketone production?
• Which insult to the chest results in a collection of blood in the pleural space that narrows lung inflation?
• Which condition involves kidney stones formed from metabolic abnormalities such as calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine?
• Infection in the lungs that can obstruct the airways and cause shortness of breath, chest tightness, diminished breath sounds, and cough is most consistent with which condition?
• Postpartum bleeding exceeding 500 mL after delivery is called?
• Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac before labor and before 37 weeks gestation is known as?
• In which condition does the weight of the fetus compress the inferior vena cava when the mother is supine?
• Which sign is commonly associated with pulmonary edema?
• Which condition results from bleeding between the dura and arachnoid membranes and often presents with a progressive headache after head injury?
• Decreased blood glucose that may develop after taking too much prescribed insulin is called what?
• Which disease is known as whooping cough?
• The umbilical cord is the presenting part and may cut off oxygen to the infant; what is the recommended immediate management?
• What is the term for the presentation in which the fetal buttocks or lower extremities are the first to be delivered?
• CNS depressants derived from opium or synthetic opiates are called?
• Which term describes a contained collection of blood under the skin that can be sizable after trauma?
• Which disease is described as whooping cough?
• Which symptom is most indicative of heat stroke?
• Occurs when the cerebral artery is blocked by a clot or other foreign matter.
• Which chest injury is defined by air entering through the chest wound with each inhalation and can be aggravated by an occlusive dressing sealed on three sides?
• Bronchiolitis is defined as inflammation of which part of the airway after a viral infection?
• A condition due to abnormal valves, vessels, or chambers presenting with inadequate pulmonary blood flow with cyanosis and hypoxia is called:
• The condition where heart chambers are compressed by blood in the pericardial sac, reducing preload, is?
• Which toxin interferes with cellular use of oxygen, causing severe hypoxia?
• Which condition is inflammation of the gallbladder that is commonly associated with the presence of gallstones?
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is most commonly associated with which type of diabetes?
• Which term refers to sudden, unexpected death of an infant with no identifiable cause after autopsy?
• Usually due to a genetic or unknown cause
• Which injury involves a direct chest impact causing potential injury to the lung or intercostal vessels from a broken rib?
• Which shock is commonly the result of a severe allergic reaction causing systemic vasodilation and capillary leakage?
• If a patient has heat exhaustion and is conscious, what is an appropriate action?
• Which term is used for seizures that originate from a single focus but can evolve?
• Usually begins with abnormal electrical activity low in the cerebral cortex that spreads upward affecting both cerebral hemispheres and downward, affecting the reticular activating system
• Which condition involves strong uterine cramps during menstruation, typically due to hormonal imbalances or other gynecologic conditions?
• Hypoglycemia is defined as low blood glucose. Which option correctly reflects this definition?
• Which condition is an infection of the meninges that can present with high fever, vomiting, and painful movement?
• Which condition involves inflammation of the pancreas and can cause upper abdominal pain radiating to the back?
• Which condition is a collection of blood between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?
• Inflammation of the mucosal layer of the bronchioles after a viral infection leads to wheezing and asthma-like symptoms; this condition is termed:
• A stroke that results from a clot forming at the site of occlusion is called which type?
• Which condition refers to inflammation of the stomach and small intestines, typically causing abdominopelvic pain and diarrhea?
• Which condition is defined by a reduction in the number of red blood cells in the circulating blood volume?
• What term is used for a miscarriage?
• Which injury results when two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places, creating a segment of chest wall that moves paradoxically?
• Which condition is commonly caused by changes in the mucus-secreting glands of the lungs leading to pulmonary dysfunction?
• Which presentation is defined by the fetus presenting parts being limbs, making vaginal delivery impossible?
• Transient neurological deficit with stroke-like signs that resolves without permanent deficits is best described as?
• Which condition is associated with panic attacks and is managed by calming the patient and providing oxygen if indicated?
• Which chemical burn tends to 'burn on contact' and can cause bleeding and perforation of the stomach?
• Seizures due to insults such as fever or hypoxia
• A brief, stroke-like episode that resolves within minutes and does not cause permanent brain damage is best described as
• Which blood disorder affects clotting, causing prolonged bleeding because clots are unable to form properly?
• Open wounds or sores within the digestive tract, usually in the stomach or the beginning of the small intestine?
• Loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery is termed?
• Which term describes a chronic, irreversible deterioration in mental function with supportive management?
• Which shock is produced by bacteria and toxins in the bloodstream that lead to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability?
• Which term is the umbrella for angina and myocardial infarction?
• Which shock arises from infection leading to systemic vasodilation and capillary leakage?
• Which condition describes implantation of a fertilized ovum outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube?
• A seizure type that lasts longer than a few minutes or recurs without recovery between seizures is called
• Affects motor, sensory, and autonomic nerve tracts; numbness, tingling, pain, swelling, weakness, and decreased pain perception may occur; diabetes increases the risk.
• In heat stroke, the body's ability to regulate temperature fails, leading to what core problem?
• Protrusion or thrusting forward of a portion of the intestine through an opening or weakness in the abdominal wall.
• The general term for nontraumatic brain injury due to inadequate blood flow.
• A degenerative bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, increasing fracture risk, is
• Which obstetric emergency occurs when the fetal head delivers but the shoulders arrest their passage?
• Which type of shock results from dysfunction in the body's ability to utilize oxygen, such as issues with diffusion, transport by hemoglobin, or cellular use (metabolic or respiratory shock)?
• An injury that results from significant blunt trauma or crushing is a
• Which chest injury is associated with blunt trauma from violent compressions of the chest and can involve myocardial damage?
• Which condition is characterized by muscle spasms related to electrolyte imbalance, often presenting as cramping?
• A stroke caused by a clot traveled from another area of the body.
• Atherosclerosis of which vessels leads to coronary artery disease (CAD)?
• Injury to a joint capsule with damage to ligaments, presenting with immediate pain and tenderness and delayed swelling and discoloration, is a
• Croup most commonly affects children within which age range?
• Which condition is the inflammation of the gallbladder, often associated with gallstones?
• Which seizure type involves only one cerebral hemisphere, lasts 1-2 minutes, and the patient remains awake but unaware of surroundings?
• Overexertion or overstretching causing tearing of muscle fibers, with localized pain and little to no swelling, is a
• A sudden and temporary alteration in brain function caused by massive electrical discharges in a group of nerve cells?
• Which form of shock results from chemical mediators released during an allergic reaction, causing systemic vasodilation and capillary leakage?
• Which shock results from spinal cord injury causing loss of sympathetic vascular tone?
• Myocardial infarction is defined as?
• Which vital sign change is commonly associated with heat exhaustion?
• Which condition is described by fluid in the lungs due to left ventricular failure, with orthopnea and blood-tinged sputum?
• A stroke caused by rupture of an artery with bleeding within the brain or surrounding spaces.
• Nontraumatic medical injury to the brain due to an inadequate amount of blood being delivered to a portion of the brain.
• Which form of shock occurs due to dehydration and loss of fluids without destruction of red blood cells?
• A degenerative bone disease that commonly affects older adults, characterized by reduced bone density, is
• Backup of blood behind a weakened heart results in JVD, edema in the extremities, chest pain.
• Which chronic inflammatory airway disease is characterized by increased mucus production and acute narrowing of the airways, leading to shortness of breath and wheezing?
• Which term is used for miscarriage?
• Abnormal implantation of the placenta near or over the cervix?
• Which type of chemical burn often has a delayed burning sensation after contact and may burn deeper than acids?
• Which condition is defined by the heart's inability to contract effectively, resulting in poor cardiac output?
• Which toxin interferes with the use of oxygen at the cellular level?
• Which condition describes sudden cardiac arrest resulting from a blunt impact to the precordial area, often in athletes?
• Which condition is described as a brief loss of consciousness or confusion following head injury, without skull fracture?
• Results from a clot or other matter that has traveled from another area of the body (embolus) and lodges in a cerebral artery and occludes it, more sudden than in a thrombotic stroke.
• Which condition is defined by the heart's inability to contract effectively, resulting in poor cardiac output?
• A musculoskeletal injury resulting from overexertion that tears muscle fibers, causing localized pain without significant swelling is a
• Which condition involves increased intracranial pressure from bleeding or swelling causing brain tissue to shift from its normal position?
• Heat-related illness is most closely related to failure of which body system?
• Which seizure is caused by high fever and is common in children aged 6 months to 6 years?
• Which condition results from air entering the pleural space after injury, causing pressure that shifts the mediastinum toward the uninjured lung and compresses the heart and great vessels?
• Which term refers to ovulation-related pelvic pain?
• Which condition is the more severe form of preeclampsia and includes coma or seizures?
• Spontaneous rupture of the amniotic sac before labor and before 37 weeks gestation is known as?
• In HHNS, which statement is true regarding ketone production?
• Which statement best describes stable angina?
• Which chest injury refers to a fractured rib that may damage the lung or intercostal vessels?
• Which syndrome results from a hemisection of the spinal cord, causing motor and light touch loss on the same side and pain loss on the opposite side?
• Which event is defined by blunt force to the precordial region resulting in sudden cardiac arrest, particularly in young athletes?
• Which condition is an open chest wound that allows air to enter the pleural space during inspiration?
• Which condition involves kidney stones formed from metabolic abnormalities?
• What is the appropriate initial management for heat exhaustion?
• Aortic aneurysm is described as?
• What is the term for the umbilical cord around the neck of the neonate?
• A flap of skin torn loose or pulled off completely, with potentially severe bleeding, is an
• Which term describes a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures?
• Which obstetric complication involves the placenta detaching from the uterine wall before birth?
• Infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord; signs include recent ear or respiratory tract infection, high fever, vomiting, movement is painful.
• Which condition describes the protrusion of a loop of intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall?
• Which spinal condition is described as a temporary concussion-like disruption of spinal cord function below the level of injury?
• In a patient with suspected heat stroke, you would expect?
• Occur as a result of an insult to the body such as fever, infection, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, drug intoxication
• What term describes the passage of the fetal stool into the amniotic fluid during distress?
• Which action indicates urgent transport for a suspected heat-related illness?
• Which type of shock is caused by a reduction in circulating blood volume, typically from blood loss?
• If tidal volume or respiratory rate becomes inadequate and ventilatory effort is no longer adequate, what condition results?
• Which type of shock is caused by widespread vasodilation leading to a relative reduction in intravascular volume?
• Which condition is described as a mild state of shock with vasodilation leading to blood pooling beneath the skin?
• An injury to a joint capsule with ligaments, resulting in immediate pain and tenderness and delayed swelling is a
• Which condition involves plasma and plasma protein leakage from damaged capillaries, such as after severe burns?
• Which condition results from loss of sympathetic tone to arterioles, leading to vasodilation and hypotension?
• Result of rupture of an artery that causes bleeding within the brain (intracerebral) or in the space around the outer surface of the brain (subarachnoid space).
• Which term describes a temporary disturbance in brain function ranging from momentary confusion to complete loss of responsiveness, usually with a headache?
• Which condition involves a collapsed lung with unilateral chest rise and decreased breath sounds on one side?
• Which condition is characterized by the inability to deliver through the vagina due to presenting part?
• A flap of skin torn away from the body is called an
• pt who suffers general motor seizures that last more than 3 min or seizures that occurs consecutively without a period of responsiveness between them
• Which term describes the infection of the female reproductive tract by bacteria, fungi, or viruses?
• Which condition is inflammation of the pancreas that may cause severe pain in the middle of the upper quadrants and sometimes radiates to the back?
• Which reflex involves increased systolic blood pressure and decreased heart rate in response to elevated intracranial pressure?
• What abnormal implantation of the placenta near or over the cervix is described as placenta previa?
• Sudden and unexpected death of an infant in which an autopsy fails to identify the cause of death.
• Which condition is defined as inflammation of the peritoneum?
• Involves both hemispheres and the reticular activating system, typically results in a loss of consciousness
• Which spinal cord syndrome typically presents with greater weakness in the arms than the legs due to cervical injury?
• Typically related to abnormal activity in just one cerebral hemisphere
• Bacterial infection that causes swelling of the epiglottis, drooling, mouth breathing, and inspiratory stridor is called:
• What infection of the female reproductive tract is caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses?
• Which seizure is most common in children and is characterized by a blank stare lasting only a few seconds?
• Which chest trauma produces a paradoxical chest wall movement due to multiple rib fractures?
• Can happen at any moment, even at rest, and does not get better with treatment that helps with stable angina.
• Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines, commonly associated with abdominopelvic pain.
• Which hereditary blood disorder features abnormal hemoglobin that does not carry adequate oxygen?
• Which shock occurs after spinal cord injury due to loss of sympathetic nerve function that maintains vascular tone?
• When the breathing effort ceases completely, what condition is occurring?
• What is the term for abdominopelvic pain in the middle of the menstrual cycle caused by irritation of the peritoneum by small amounts of bleeding associated with the rupture of ovarian tissue during ovulation?
• Which chronic lung disease is defined as chronic bronchitis plus emphysema and is treated with oxygen?
• Which condition is typically managed with oral medications, diet, and exercise rather than insulin?
• CNS depressants derived from opium or synthetic opiates are called?
• Which sign would indicate heat stroke rather than heat exhaustion?
• Which intracranial bleed is classically associated with a skull fracture and presents as a lens-shaped hematoma on imaging?
• Results from a clot that develops at the site of occlusion (thrombus).
• A contained collection of blood that can be quite large is called a
• Which statement correctly differentiates heat stroke from heat exhaustion?
• Which statement correctly describes Type 1 diabetes?
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic state (HHNS) is most commonly associated with which condition?
• Which congenital condition is characterized by inadequate pulmonary blood flow leading to cyanosis and hypoxia?
• What is the recommended initial action if a nuchal cord is found around the neonate’s neck?
• Aortic dissection involves a tear in the inner lining of the aorta causing blood to split the wall layers. Which option best describes this condition?
• Which chronic lung disease is described as a chronic condition with damaged alveoli and is typically treated with oxygen therapy?
• What term describes a weakened, ballooned, and enlarged area in the wall of the abdominal aorta?
• Which statement correctly identifies Type 1 diabetes?
• Which poisoning reduces the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream and the atmosphere?
• Which intracranial bleed is often associated with fracture of the temporal bone?
• Which injury involves bleeding in the lung tissue and around the alveoli and interstitial space after blunt chest trauma?
• Type 2 diabetes is typically managed with which approach?
• Which statement best describes an ischemic stroke?
• Which injury can present with open wound and air leakage into the chest cavity during inspiration, but is not necessarily associated with a tension physiology?
• Which life-threatening allergic reaction involves swelling of the airways, bronchoconstriction, and vascular leakage?
• Pregnancy induced hypertension is defined as a BP greater than 140/90 mmHg on two or more occasions at 6 hours apart or an increase in systolic BP greater than 30 mmHg. Which term describes this condition?
• If a patient with heat exhaustion is conscious and able to drink, what is the recommended fluid?