Which condition is characterized by the inability to deliver through the vagina due to presenting part?

• A. Breech birth
• B. Nuchal cord
• C. Limb presentation
• D. Prolapsed cord

Answer: (D)

When the umbilical cord descends into the birth canal ahead of the baby, it can become compressed or trapped by the presenting part. This obstruction can prevent the head or other presenting part from delivering normally, making vaginal delivery unlikely until the cord is relieved. This is why prolapsed cord is an obstetric emergency: the cord must be protected from compression and kept moist while rapid transport to a facility continues.

In practice, the goal is to relieve pressure on the cord and maintain the cord’s condition. If possible, gently lift or elevate the presenting part off the cord with a gloved hand and position the mother to reduce pressure on the cord—often knee-chest or Trendelenburg positions are used. Do not push the cord back in. Keep the cord moistened with sterile saline gauze, keep the patient warm, and monitor the fetal status if you can. Immediate transport is essential, and depending on the situation, advanced obstetric care may be required for delivery.