What is the medical term for irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum due to leakage of substances into the peritoneal cavity?

• A. Ulcers
• B. Appendicitis
• C. Peritonitis
• D. Gastroenteritis

Answer: (C)

Irritation and inflammation of the lining of the abdomen when contents leak into the abdominal cavity is called peritonitis. The peritoneum is a thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers organs. When substances such as stomach acid, bile, enzymes, or even bacteria spill into this space—often from a perforated or ruptured organ—these irritants trigger a strong inflammatory response. This can either be chemical irritation or infectious inflammation, or both, and it’s a medical emergency because the inflammation can spread and lead to sepsis or shock.

Patients with peritonitis typically experience severe, constant abdominal pain that may become generalized, a rigid or “board-like” abdomen, tenderness upon palpation, fever, fast heart rate, and signs of dehydration. In EMS, recognizing these signs warrants rapid transport and supportive care while monitoring vital signs.

The other terms describe different GI conditions (ulcers are mucosal erosions; appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix; gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines) and do not refer to inflammation of the peritoneum itself.